&lt;h1 class=&quot;text-4xl font-bold text-center uppercase article-gradient-header mt-8&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff99cc;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Types of STDs: How many types of STDs are there?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), also known as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), are infections transmitted through sexual contact. They are commonly spread during vaginal, oral, or anal sex, but they can also be transmitted through other forms of sexual contact involving the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus. This occurs because certain STIs, such as herpes and HPV, can spread through skin-to-skin contact.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;In some cases, STIs can be passed from a pregnant individual to their baby during pregnancy or childbirth. Additionally, certain STIs may be transmitted through breastfeeding, blood transfusions, or sharing needles.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;alsocalled&quot; style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Also called: sexually transmitted infections, STDs, and venereal disease.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;alsocalled&quot; style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;There are over 20 types of STIs, including Chlamydia, Genital, Herpes, Gonorrhoea, HIV, HPV, pubic lice, syphilis, and trichomoniasis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;h2&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&quot;with-also&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff99cc;&quot;&gt;Types of Sexually Transmitted Diseases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff99cc;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bacteria&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;alsocalled&quot; style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Syphilis (Treponema pallidum)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;alsocalled&quot; style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;alsocalled&quot; style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Non-gonococcal Urethritis (NGU);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;alsocalled&quot; style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Chlamydia trachomatis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;alsocalled&quot; style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Ureaplasma urealyticum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;alsocalled&quot; style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Mycoplasma genitalium&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;alsocalled&quot; style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Chancroid Haemophilus ducreyi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;alsocalled&quot; style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Lymphogranuloma venereum - LGV (Chlamydia trachomatis)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;alsocalled&quot; style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Granuloma inguinale (Calymmatobacteria granulomatis)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff99cc;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Virus&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Genital herpes (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pulse-clinic.com.sg/herpes-simplex-virus-hsv&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Herpes simplex virus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;type 1 &amp;amp; 2; HSV I &amp;amp; II)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Molluscum contagiosum (Molluscum contagiosum virus)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Genital warts (Human papilloma virus, HPV)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Viral (Hepatitis A, B and C viruses&amp;mdash;HAV, HBV, and HCV)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;HIV infection and AIDs (Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 &amp;amp; 2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff99cc;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fungi&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Vaginal candidiasis (Candida albicans)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Penile candidiasis&amp;nbsp;(Candida albicans)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff99cc;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Protozoa&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas vaginalis)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff99cc;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Parasites&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;alsocalled&quot; style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;alsocalled&quot; style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Pubic lice infestation (Pediculosis pubicyphilis)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff99cc;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Symptoms of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) may not always cause noticeable symptoms or might only produce mild ones. This means you could have an STI without realising it. Even in the absence of symptoms, STIs can still cause harm and be transmitted to others during sexual activity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;When symptoms do occur, they may include:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Unusual discharge from the penis or vagina&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Sores or warts in the genital area&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Painful or frequent urination&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Itching and redness in the genital area&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Blisters or sores in or around the mouth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Abnormal vaginal odor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Anal itching, soreness, or bleeding&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Abdominal pain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Fever&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff99cc;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Diagnosing Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;If you are sexually active, it&amp;rsquo;s essential to discuss your risk for STIs with your healthcare provider and determine whether testing is necessary. This is particularly important since many STIs often show no symptoms.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;STIs can sometimes be identified during a physical exam or through specific STI tests. Diagnostic methods may include:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Microscopic examination of a sore or a sample swabbed from the vagina, penis, or anus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Blood tests to detect certain types of STIs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff99cc;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What to Expect During STI Testing&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;STI testing typically requires a visit to a healthcare provider or health clinic. For more information or assistance, feel free to contact PULSE Clinic to discuss your sexual health.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Tests may involve providing blood or urine samples, and in some cases, swabs of the affected area. A physical examination may also be conducted to check for visible symptoms.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Here are the tests commonly used to diagnose STIs:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Syphilis: &lt;/strong&gt;a blood&amp;nbsp;test sent to a lab or a swab of the affected area.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chlamydia:&lt;/strong&gt; Swab of the affected area or urine sample.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gonorrhoea:&lt;/strong&gt; Swab of the affected area or urine sample.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;HIV:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;A blood sample was sent to a lab.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Rapid testing available at some clinics involves a finger prick to obtain a blood sample for a point-of-care (POC) test. Results are typically available within minutes. If the POC test is positive, a confirmatory blood test is required and sent to a lab.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Genital herpes (with symptoms):&lt;/strong&gt; Swab of the affected area.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trichomoniasis (Trich):&lt;/strong&gt; Swab of the infected area.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;HPV (genital warts):&lt;/strong&gt; visual examination.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;HPV (Cervical Cancer):&lt;/strong&gt; Swab of the affected area.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;A healthcare professional will guide you on which tests are appropriate based on your symptoms and risk factors. For personalised advice, reach out to PULSE Clinic to ensure your sexual health is in check.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sexually transmitted infections&lt;/strong&gt; are a very frequent and underdiagnosed cause of illness worldwide. A high number of detection methods and a large range of specimens in which sexually transmitted infections can be determined are available at the moment. &lt;strong&gt;Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)&lt;/strong&gt; can be performed on first-void urine, throat swab, vaginal and cervical swab, and anal swab, offering the advantage of being painless, non-invasive, self-collectible, and having high sensitivity and specificity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Most of the time, people with sexually transmitted infections do not have any symptoms; this is called asymptomatic infection, which means the person carries infections without having any symptoms but can pass them on to their partners through kissing and/or oral sex.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Asymptomatic testing&amp;mdash;getting tested even though you don&#39;t have any symptoms&amp;mdash;is a good idea to make sure you DO NOT have any infections hidden in your throat, vaginal canal, cervix, urethra, and urine, as well as anal canal. If the test detects DNA of any bacterial or viral STIs, it will be a good chance for you to start treatment in time and tell your partner to get treatment as well to prevent transmission to other people in the community. This is a very helpful way to reduce STI transmission in the community.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Nucleic acid amplification tests, also known as NATs or NAATs, are used to identify small amounts of DNA or RNA in test samples. They can, therefore, be used to identify bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens even when the material of interest is present in very small amounts. When it comes to STD testing, there are NAAT tests available that can detect a variety of different STDs. Most urine tests for STDs are performed using nucleic acid amplification tests.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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